CoinTalk

What Is VRBO?

It's the one characteristic of Bitcoin that everyone knows, even those outside of crypto: its breathtaking volatility. You've seen the charts—the dramatic climbs and the stomach-churning drops. For many potential investors, this price instability is the single biggest barrier to entry, the one major fear that holds them back. But is this volatility a sign of a flawed asset, or is it a natural feature of a groundbreaking new technology? As your guide, I'm here to tell you that it's the latter. Let's break down the real reasons why Bitcoin is so volatile so you can look at the market with understanding, not fear.

The Primary Reason: Bitcoin is a Young Asset in Price Discovery

The most important thing to understand is that Bitcoin is an incredibly young asset class. While gold has had thousands of years to find its place in the global financial system, Bitcoin has been around for just over a decade. The world is still collectively trying to figure out what it is and what it's worth. Is it a global currency? A store of value like digital gold? The backbone of a new internet? This process of the free market trying to assign a value to a completely new technology is called "price discovery," and it is an inherently volatile process.

Factor 2: A Small Boat in a Big Ocean

Compared to traditional asset classes like gold (a~13 trillionmarket)or the global stock market (a 13 trillion market) or the global stock market (a ~13 trillion market) or the global stock market(a 100 trillion market), Bitcoin's market capitalization is still relatively small. This means that it takes a much smaller amount of money to move its price in a significant way. Think of it like a small boat in the ocean. A small wave (a single large buy or sell order) can rock the boat violently. A massive cruise ship (like the gold market) barely even notices the same wave. As Bitcoin's market capitalization grows over time, this volatility is expected to decrease.

Factor 3: The Influence of Speculation and News

Because Bitcoin is still in its price discovery phase, its value is heavily influenced by speculation and market sentiment. This makes it highly sensitive to news cycles. A major announcement about institutional adoption can cause a surge in buying, while news of a potential government regulation can trigger a sharp sell-off. Unlike the stock market, which has established valuation metrics like P/E ratios, Bitcoin's price is often a reflection of the collective "mood" of the market, which can change very quickly.

Factor 4: A 24/7 Global Market

The traditional stock market closes every day and over the weekends. This gives traders and the market as a whole time to digest news and cool off. The Bitcoin market never sleeps. It is a 24/7/365 global arena. This constant activity means that price action can be continuous and relentless, with significant moves happening at any hour of the day, contributing to its volatile nature.

How Smart Investors Approach Volatility

Experienced investors understand that volatility is the price of admission for the potential of high returns. Instead of trying to time the market's wild swings, they use a strategy designed to embrace it: Dollar-Cost Averaging(DCA). By investing a fixed amount of money at regular intervals, they turn volatility into an advantage, buying more Bitcoin when the price is low and less when the price is high. Understanding volatility is a key part of answering the bigger question: [Should I Buy Bitcoin? A Guide to Making Your Own Decision].

HBAR Price Explodes: Is Hedera's $0.24 Surge the Start of a $1 Crypto Moonshot in 2025?

Hey there, fellow crypto explorer! If you’re like me—staring at your trading app in the wee hours of the night, wondering whether that sudden dip in your portfolio is just a temporary blip or a sign of bigger trouble—you’ve probably typed  HBAR price  into Google more times than you’d like to admit. Maybe you’re just starting out in crypto, cautiously dipping your toes into altcoins, or perhaps you’re a seasoned trader in the US, the UK, or India, constantly scanning the charts for that next moonshot. Either way, there’s a reason you’re here: HBAR is buzzing, and the Hedera price is doing things that have traders whispering about massive gains.

As of September 22, 2025, the HBAR current price stands at $0.2378 USD, marking a nearly 2% increase in the last 24 hours despite an overall choppy market. That may not sound huge at first glance, but when you consider the momentum Hedera has been building, it raises the question: is this the calm before the storm that sends HBAR rocketing toward $1 by the end of the year?

What Is HBAR? Unpacking the Crypto That’s Faster Than Your Morning Coffee Run

If you’ve ever been frustrated by Ethereum’s gas fees burning a hole in your pocket or Bitcoin’s slow transaction speeds leaving you stranded during a bull run, Hedera might feel like a breath of fresh air. HBAR is the native cryptocurrency of the Hedera Hashgraph network, and it powers one of the most efficient decentralized ledgers in existence today.

Unlike most projects, Hedera isn’t even a blockchain—it’s built on hashgraph technology, a directed acyclic graph (DAG) structure that processes transactions at lightning speeds, reaching up to 10,000 per second. Compare that to Ethereum’s 30–40 transactions per second, and you’ll see why so many people call Hedera one of the fastest networks around. Even better, each transaction costs just a fraction of a cent, making it not only quick but also incredibly affordable.

Launched in 2018 and backed by an initial coin offering that attracted serious attention, HBAR’s mainnet went live in 2019. Governance has always been one of its strongest points. Instead of being run by anonymous developers, Hedera is guided by a council of global giants like Google, IBM, LG, and Deutsche Telekom. That kind of credibility isn’t common in crypto, and it gives Hedera a unique edge when it comes to enterprise adoption.

But what does HBAR actually do? Think of it as the fuel that keeps Hedera’s engine running. It pays for network services, executes smart contracts, powers decentralized apps (dApps), enables file storage, and allows staking for network validation. In a way, HBAR is like the toll you pay to use a superhighway: without it, the entire ecosystem comes to a halt.

Security is also a huge part of its story. Hedera employs asynchronous Byzantine Fault Tolerance (aBFT), one of the highest grades of security in distributed systems. This ensures that even under attack, transactions remain secure and reliable.

And for the everyday user—especially newcomers—HBAR’s proof-of-stake model is appealing because you can stake tokens and earn passive income without running complicated validator nodes. It’s simple enough for beginners while still robust enough for institutional players.

HBAR Current Price Breakdown: Where It Stands Today and Why It’s Wiggling

Now let’s dive into the numbers. On September 22, 2025, HBAR is trading at $0.2378 USD. Daily trading volume has hit around $167 million, proving that liquidity is there whether you’re a swing trader, day trader, or long-term investor. Compared to its high of $0.25 earlier this month, the price looks like a small dip—but zoom out, and you’ll see it’s up nearly 89% year-to-date from the close of 2024.

The market cap sits at $8.9 billion, comfortably placing Hedera in the top 30 cryptocurrencies worldwide. But like most altcoins, HBAR’s journey hasn’t been smooth. Institutional sell-offs in mid-September briefly pulled the price down to $0.23, sparking bearish whispers. Yet, on-chain data suggests resilience. Stablecoin supply on Hedera is recovering, decentralized finance (DeFi) activity is climbing, and the charts have recently flashed a golden cross, a technical signal often linked with strong bullish reversals.

For international traders, the current value translates to about €0.22 in Europe and roughly ₹20 in India, making HBAR an accessible entry point across markets. Trading volume has also surged over 100% to reach $430 million, hinting that whales might be quietly accumulating.

If you’re chart-watching, the $0.24 level is shaping up as a critical support. If it holds, the next resistance sits at $0.32, which could open the door to even higher gains.

Hedera Price Predictions 2025: Will HBAR Hit $1?

Here’s where it gets exciting. Forecasts for Hedera in late 2025 vary, but the general sentiment among analysts leans bullish. By December, some see the token averaging around $0.26, with room to test $0.30 if momentum continues. For 2026, projections climb to an average of $0.33 with highs of $0.47, fueled by growing enterprise adoption. Looking further ahead, 2030 predictions range wildly—from a conservative $0.61 to a moonshot of $5.25 if large-scale adoption materializes.

Perhaps the boldest call comes from trader Rocko, who insists $1 could happen as early as Q3 2025, calling today’s price range the  final accumulation zone. Whether you believe that or not, it’s clear that HBAR has more catalysts than most mid-cap tokens.

One of the biggest drivers is the pending Nasdaq spot HBAR ETF filing, which has a reported 90% chance of approval by November. Combine that with partnerships like Swarm Markets for tokenized stocks and Hedera’s expanding enterprise toolkit, and the bullish case becomes stronger.

Of course, risks remain. If regulators tighten the screws or Bitcoin faces another harsh correction, HBAR could tumble back to $0.22 or lower. That’s why timing and risk management are critical in this space.

Latest HBAR Crypto News: The Catalysts Behind the 2025 Rally

Hedera hasn’t been sitting idle this year. In July, the team released Version 3 of the Agent Kit, enabling more advanced AI-on-chain applications. August saw new collaborations with Blockaid for Web3 security and Dfns for wallet technology, while September delivered a win with Hedera’s Asset Tokenization Studio, which grabbed a TechForward Award.

The ecosystem is also maturing fast. The Hashgraph Group’s TransAct now allows enterprises to use Hedera without needing to directly handle wallets or HBAR tokens, reducing barriers for banks and large corporations. Add in a successful launch of the first staking ETF, and you can see why momentum has been building through 2025.

For traders and investors, these developments mean Hedera is no longer just another blockchain alternative—it’s positioning itself as the backbone for CBDCs in Brazil, Africa’s stablecoin projects, and even decentralized finance innovations worldwide.

How to Buy HBAR: A No-BS Guide

So, you’re convinced and ready to grab some HBAR? Here’s the roadmap:

These New Crypto Coins Could Skyrocket in 2025 – Don’t Miss Out!

The world of cryptocurrency is evolving faster than ever, and 2025 promises to be a groundbreaking year for blockchain innovation. Across the globe, new crypto projects are emerging, each offering unique solutions to real-world challenges and presenting remarkable investment opportunities. Whether you are a seasoned investor, a trader looking for the next big breakout, or a curious beginner exploring the crypto space, staying ahead of trends is essential. The newest cryptocurrencies have the potential not just to grow in value but also to redefine the way we interact with digital finance.

What Is IRR? The Game-Changing Metric You Need to Know

Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is a powerful financial metric used to evaluate the profitability of an investment or project. Simply put, IRR is the annualized rate of return that makes the net present value (NPV) of all cash flows from an investment equal to zero. It’s like a crystal ball for investors, helping you compare opportunities, whether you’re eyeing real estate in New York, a startup in London, or a bond in Singapore.

Why does IRR matter?

• Decision-Making Power:  IRR helps you decide whether an investment is worth your hard-earned money.
• Universal Appeal:  From stock portfolios to real estate deals, IRR is used globally across industries.
• Time Value of Money: Unlike simple returns, IRR accounts for the value of money over time, making it a must-know for savvy investors.

If you’ve ever wondered, “What is IRR in finance?”, think of it as the heartbeat of your investment’s potential. A higher IRR signals a more profitable opportunity, but what’s considered a good IRR? Let’s dive deeper.

Why Should You Care About IRR?

Imagine you’re in Australia, weighing two investment options: a rental property in Sydney or a tech startup. Both require $100,000, but which offers better returns? IRR helps you answer this by calculating the annualized return rate, factoring in cash flows like rental income, property appreciation, or startup dividends. Investors across the globe—whether in the U.S., UK, or India—rely on IRR to:

• Compare projects with different timelines and cash flows.
• Assess risk versus reward.
• Make data-driven decisions to grow wealth.

User Pain Point: Many investors, especially beginners, feel overwhelmed by financial jargon. IRR simplifies complex investment choices into a single percentage, making it easier to decide.

The IRR Formula: Breaking It Down

The IRR formula is rooted in the concept of Net Present Value (NPV). Mathematically, IRR is the discount rate that makes the NPV of all cash flows equal to zero:

NPV = Σ [Cash Flowₜ / (1 + IRR)ᵗ] = 0

Where:

• Cash Flowₜ: The cash inflow or outflow at time t.
• t: The time period (e.g., year 1, year 2).
• IRR: The internal rate of return.

Sounds intimidating? Don’t worry! You don’t need to be a math whiz to use IRR. Tools like Excel make it a breeze, and we’ll show you how below.

How to Calculate IRR: A Step-by-Step Guide

Calculating IRR manually is complex due to its iterative nature, but modern tools simplify the process. Let’s explore two methods: manual estimation and using an IRR calculator in Excel.

Method 1: Manual IRR Estimation (For the Curious)

For small projects, you can estimate IRR by trial and error:

1- List all cash flows (initial investment as a negative number, followed by positive cash inflows).

2- Guess a discount rate and calculate NPV.

3- Adjust the rate up or down until NPV equals zero.

4- This method is tedious, so let’s move to the easier way!

Method 2: How to Calculate IRR in Excel

Excel’s built-in IRR function is a lifesaver for investors. Here’s how to do it:

1-  Set Up Your Data: In a column, enter your cash flows. For example: Cell A1: -100,000 (initial investment) Cell A2: 30,000 (Year 1 cash flow) Cell A3: 40,000 (Year 2 cash flow) Cell A4: 50,000 (Year 3 cash flow)

2- Use the IRR Function: In a new cell, type =IRR(A1:A4).

3- Hit Enter: Excel calculates the IRR instantly (e.g., 12.5%).

Pro Tip: If cash flows are irregular, use the =XIRR() function, which accounts for specific dates. This is perfect for real estate deals or projects with uneven cash flows.

What Is a Good IRR? Context Is Everything!

A good IRR depends on your investment type, risk tolerance, and market conditions. Here’s a quick guide:

1. Real Estate: In the U.S., a good IRR for rental properties might range from 8–12%. In high-risk markets like India’s booming metro cities, investors may target 15% or higher.
2. Startups: Venture capitalists often seek IRRs above 20–30% due to high risks.
3. Bonds or Fixed Income: A 5–7% IRR may be acceptable in stable economies like Canada or the UK.
4. User Context: If you’re a beginner in the U.S. with a low-risk tolerance, an IRR of 10% on a diversified portfolio might feel great. For a seasoned investor in Dubai’s real estate market, anything below 15% might not cut it.

Common IRR Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them

While IRR is powerful, it’s not foolproof. Watch out for these traps:

Non-Conventional Cash Flows: If cash flows switch between positive and negative multiple times, IRR may give multiple results. Use NPV to double-check.

Ignoring Risk: A high IRR doesn’t guarantee success if the project is risky.

Currency Fluctuations: For international investors (e.g., in the Eurozone or Asia), currency exchange rates can impact returns. Always calculate IRR in your home currency (e.g., USD, GBP, INR).

Solution: Use an IRR calculator online or in Excel to ensure accuracy, and consult a financial advisor for complex projects.

Real-World Example: IRR in Action

Let’s say you’re in Singapore, investing SGD 200,000 in a condo. Expected cash flows are:

• Year 1: SGD 20,000 (rental income)
• Year 2: SGD 25,000
• Year 3: SGD 30,000
• Year 4: SGD 250,000 (sale proceeds + final rental).

Using Excel’s IRR function, you calculate an IRR of 14%. Compared to Singapore’s property market average of 10%, this is a solid deal! This empowers you to make a confident decision.

Why IRR Is Your Secret Weapon for Wealth Building

Whether you’re evaluating a stock portfolio in London, a small business in Mumbai, or a tech startup in Silicon Valley, IRR is your go-to metric for measuring profitability. It’s versatile, globally applicable, and easy to calculate with tools like Excel. By mastering what is IRR, how to calculate IRR, and what is a good IRR, you’re equipped to make smarter financial decisions and grow your wealth.

Call to Action: Ready to crunch the numbers? Fire up Excel, plug in your cash flows, and calculate your IRR today. Or, explore online IRR calculators for quick results. Want to dive deeper? Check out our guides on NPV and ROI to become a financial pro!

Final Thoughts: Take Control of Your Investments

Understanding IRR unlocks a world of financial clarity. Whether you’re a beginner or a pro, IRR helps you compare opportunities, assess risks, and maximize returns. From the IRR formula to how to calculate IRR in Excel, this guide has you covered. So, what’s stopping you? Start analyzing your investments today and watch your wealth soar!

In the world of crypto, one question has become more important than any other: "Are my funds actually safe?"

After the shocking collapse of exchanges that appeared solvent, investors are rightfully demanding more transparency. This has led to the rise of a crucial security audit called Proof of Reserves (PoR).

If you've heard this term but aren't sure what it means, this guide is for you. We'll break down what a crypto reserve audit is, how it works, and—most importantly—what its limitations are.

Proof of Reserves Explained: "Show Me the Money"

At its core, Proof of Reserves is a simple idea: it's a verifiable audit designed to prove that a cryptocurrency exchange holds enough assets to cover all of its customer balances.

Think of it like a bank allowing a trusted, independent auditor to:

1. all the cash in its vaults.
2. all the money its customers have deposited.
3. that the cash in the vaults is equal to or greater than the customer deposits.

PoR is the crypto-native way of doing this, using the transparency of the blockchain.

How Does It Actually Work? The Two-Part Check

A proper proof of reserves audit isn't just a simple statement; it's a cryptographic process with two key parts:

Part 1: Proving the Exchange's Reserves

The exchange must publicly show all the wallet addresses it controls. Using the public nature of the blockchain, anyone can then independently verify the total amount of assets held in those wallets.

Part 2: Proving the Exchange's Liabilities (Customer Balances)

This is trickier, as customer balances must remain private. The solution is a clever cryptographic method called a Merkle Tree.

• The exchange takes a "snapshot" of all customer balances.
• It then builds a Merkle Tree, a cryptographic structure that combines all these balances into a single "root hash" – one piece of data that represents the total.
• You, as a customer, can then find your specific "branch" of the tree to verify that your balance was included in the total, without seeing anyone else's information.

If the total from Part 1 is greater than the total from Part 2, the exchange has passed the audit.

The Critical Question: Is Proof of Reserves Enough?

No. And it is vital that you understand the limitations.

Proof of Reserves is NOT a full financial audit. It proves the assets on hand at a specific moment in time. However, it does not show the exchange's liabilities or debts. An exchange could borrow a
massive amount of crypto to pass the audit, only to return it the next day.

While PoR is a massive step forward in transparency, it is a starting point, not a complete guarantee of solvency.

Your Role as a Savvy Investor

In today's market, choosing a trading platform is about more than just low fees and a wide selection of assets. It's about prioritizing security and transparency above all else.

Understanding concepts like Proof of Reserves is a key part of your due diligence. It shows you know what to look for and what questions to ask. The next step is to choose a platform that aligns with this security-first
mindset.